Əsas test metodu:
Boşluqdan sonra isim var?
✅ İsim varsa → adjective pronoun / determiner lazımdır:my book,some students,each student
✅ İsim yoxdursa → pronoun lazımdır:mine,some,each,others,someone
🔵 1. Subject pronouns — mübtəda əvəzlikləri
I, you, he, she, it, we, they
Bunlar cümlədə mübtəda olur və xəbər/verb onlara görə tək-cəm olur.
| Subject | Verb |
|---|---|
| I | am / do / have |
| he, she, it | is / does / has |
| we, you, they | are / do / have |
✅ Düz
She is my sister.
They are ready.
He does his homework every day.
❌ Səhv
Her is my sister.
They is ready.
He do his homework.
🟡 Test fəndi
Boşluqdan sonra birbaşa verb/xəbər gəlirsə, çox vaxt subject pronoun lazımdır.
___ is my friend.
✅ She is my friend.
❌ Her is my friend.
🟢 2. Object pronouns — tamamlıq əvəzlikləri
me, you, him, her, it, us, them
Bunlar adətən:
verb-dən sonra
preposition-dan sonra
bəzi hallarda iki verb arasında obyekt kimi işlənir.
✅ Düz
I saw him yesterday.
She called me.
This gift is for us.
I want him to help me.
❌ Səhv
I saw he yesterday.
She called I.
This gift is for we.
I want he to help me.
🟡 Qızıl qayda
Preposition-dan sonra həmişə object pronoun gəlir.
with me
for him
between us
to them
about her
🟣 3. Possessive adjectives və possessive pronouns
A) Possessive adjectives — isim istəyir
my, your, his, her, its, our, their
Bunlardan sonra mütləq isim gəlməlidir.
✅ Düz
This is my book.
Their house is big.
Our teacher is kind.
❌ Səhv
This is my.
Their is big.
Our is kind.
B) Possessive pronouns — isim istəmir
mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs
Bunlardan sonra isim gəlmir.
✅ Düz
This book is mine.
That car is hers.
These bags are theirs.
❌ Səhv
This book is my.
That car is her.
These bags are their.
🟡 Test fəndi
Boşluqdan sonra isim varsa:
This is ___ bag.
✅ my bag
❌ mine bag
Boşluqdan sonra isim yoxdursa:
This bag is ___.
✅ mine
❌ my
🟠 4. İsimlə işlənən əvəzliklər — adjective pronouns / determiners
Bunlardan sonra adətən isim gəlməlidir.
A) Sayılan cəm isimlərlə
some, any, all, both, most, other, a lot of, many, a few, few, several
✅ Düz
I have some books.
Many students passed the exam.
Both girls are clever.
We met a few people.
❌ Səhv
I have some book.
Many student passed the exam.
Both girl are clever.
B) Sayılmayan isimlərlə
some, any, a lot of, much, a little, little, all, most, other
Sayılmayan isimlər: water, money, time, information, advice, furniture, news, homework, work, knowledge
✅ Düz
I need some water.
She has much money.
There is a little information.
All advice is useful.
❌ Səhv
I need some waters.
She has many money.
There are a few information.
C) Sayılan tək isimlərlə
each, either, every, no, another, the other
Bunlardan sonra tək isim gəlir və xəbər də adətən tək olur.
✅ Düz
Each student is ready.
Every child likes games.
Another question is difficult.
No student was late.
❌ Səhv
Each students are ready.
Every children like games.
Another questions are difficult.
🔴 5. İsim olmadan işlənən əvəzliklər
Bunlar tək işlənə bilər, yəni sonra isim tələb etmir.
mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs, others, the others, someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody, something, anything, everything, nothing, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere
✅ Düz
This pen is mine.
Someone is waiting outside.
Others disagreed.
The others stayed at home.
I found something interesting.
❌ Səhv
This pen is my.
Someone student is waiting.
Others people disagreed.
Something idea is interesting.
🟤 6. somebody / someone / something / somewhere qaydaları
Formlar
| Şəxs | Əşya | Yer |
|---|---|---|
| someone / somebody | something | somewhere |
| anyone / anybody | anything | anywhere |
| everyone / everybody | everything | everywhere |
| no one / nobody | nothing | nowhere |
Qaydalar
Bu əvəzliklərdən sonra:
✅ tək xəbər gəlir
✅ isim gəlmir
✅ of gəlmir
✅ 's + noun gələ bilər
✅ Düz
Someone is at the door.
Everybody knows the answer.
I need something.
Somebody’s bag is here.
❌ Səhv
Someone are at the door.
Everybody know the answer.
I need something book.
Somebody of the students came.
🟡 Test fəndi
Əgər variantlarda someone və somebody ayrı-ayrı cavab kimi verilibsə, çox vaxt cavab onların heç biri olmur, çünki onlar sinonimdir. Amma bu, 100% mexaniki qayda deyil; cümlənin mənasına da baxmaq lazımdır.
🟡 7. of ilə gələn əvəzliklər
✅ Düz işlənənlər
some of
any of
all of
both of
most of
many of
much of
few of
a few of
little of
a little of
each of
either of
neither of
none of
one of
every one of
Vacib qayda
of-dan sonra çox vaxt:
the + noun
my/your/his/her/our/their + noun
this/that/these/those + noun
object pronoun: us, them, you
gəlir.
✅ Düz
Some of the students are here.
All of my friends came.
Both of them are doctors.
None of us knew the answer.
One of the boys is absent.
Every one of the students has a book.
❌ Səhv
Some of students are here.
All of friends came.
Both of they are doctors.
No of us knew the answer.
Everyone of the students has a book.
Xüsusi düzəliş
❌ no of olmur
✅ none of olur
❌ everyone of olmur
✅ every one of olur
✅ one of isə düzgündür, amma belə qurulur:
one of + plural noun + singular verb
✅ One of the students is absent.
❌ One of the students are absent.
🟧 8. Reflexive pronouns — özlük əvəzlikləri
myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneself
İşlənmə yerləri:
Mübtəda və obyekt eyni şəxsdirsə
Vurğu üçün
by + reflexive pronoun= təkbaşınaƏmr cümləsində gizli mübtəda you olduğu üçün
yourself/yourselves
✅ Düz
I hurt myself.
She looked at herself in the mirror.
They prepared dinner themselves.
He lives by himself.
Children, help yourselves.
❌ Səhv
I hurt me.
She looked at her in the mirror.
They prepared dinner themself.
He lives by him.
Not only... but also qaydası
Belə cümlələrdə reflexive pronoun çox vaxt but also-dan sonrakı mübtədaya uyğun seçilir.
✅ Not only Ali but also the boys blamed themselves.
✅ Not only the boys but also Ali blamed himself.
🔷 9. Demonstrative pronouns — işarə əvəzlikləri
this, that, these, those
| Yaxın | Uzaq |
|---|---|
| this — bu | that — o |
| these — bunlar | those — onlar |
İsimlə işlənəndə
this + singular noun
that + singular noun
these + plural noun
those + plural noun
✅ Düz
This book is mine.
That house is old.
These students are ready.
Those cars are expensive.
❌ Səhv
This books are mine.
These student is ready.
That cars are expensive.
that + over there
Uzaqda olan şeyi göstərmək üçün işlənir.
✅ That man over there is my uncle.
❌ This man over there is my uncle.
🟪 10. Reciprocal pronouns — qarşılıqlı əvəzliklər
each other, one another
Mənası: bir-birini / bir-birinə
Qayda
each other → əsasən iki nəfər üçün
one another → əsasən ikidən çox şəxs üçün
Amma müasir ingiliscədə bəzən ikisi də bir-birinin yerinə işlənə bilər. Testlərdə klassik fərqə baxın.
✅ Düz
Ali and Murad helped each other.
The students helped one another.
They looked at each other.
❌ Səhv
Ali and Murad helped each other students.
The students helped one another friends.
Possessive form
each other’s / one another’s + noun
✅ Düz
They used each other’s phones.
The students checked one another’s answers.
❌ Səhv
They used each other’s.
The students checked one another’s.
🟥 11. Relative pronouns — nisbi əvəzliklər
A) İnsan üçün
who — mübtəda yerində
✅ The man who lives next door is a doctor.
❌ The man whom lives next door is a doctor.
whom — obyekt yerində
✅ The man whom I met was kind.
✅ The man to whom I spoke was polite.
Danışıq dilində çox vaxt who işlənir, amma testlərdə preposition + whom daha düzgündür.
B) Cansız varlıq və heyvan üçün
which / that
✅ Düz
The book which I bought is interesting.
The car that broke down is old.
❌ Səhv
The book who I bought is interesting.
The car whom broke down is old.
C) İnsan və cansız üçün sahiblik
whose + articlesız noun
Yəni whose-dan sonra adətən the/a/an gəlmir.
✅ Düz
The girl whose father is a doctor is my friend.
The company whose products are famous is growing.
❌ Səhv
The girl whose the father is a doctor is my friend.
The company whose a product is famous is growing.
D) thing ilə bitən sözlərdən sonra
everything, something, anything, nothing + that
✅ Düz
Everything that happened was strange.
I told him something that surprised him.
There is nothing that can help us.
❌ Səhv
Everything which happened was strange.
Testlərdə adətənthatseçilir.
E) preposition + whom / which
Preposition-dan sonra:
insan üçün → whom
cansız üçün → which
thatişlənmir
✅ Düz
The person to whom I spoke was helpful.
The house in which he lives is old.
❌ Səhv
The person to who I spoke was helpful.
The house in that he lives is old.
F) Boşluğa heç nə yazılmayan hallar — zero relative
Əgər relative pronoun obyekt yerindədirsə, bəzən yazılmaya bilər.
✅ The book I bought is expensive.
Burada tam forma belədir:
✅ The book that I bought is expensive.
Amma relative pronoun mübtəda yerindədirsə, silinmir.
✅ The man who called you is my teacher.
❌ The man called you is my teacher.
Bu cümlə başqa məna verə bilər.
🟨 12. all ilə test həlli qaydaları
all çox testdə tələdir.
A) all + plural noun
✅ All students are ready.
❌ All student is ready.
B) all + uncountable noun
✅ All information is useful.
❌ All information are useful.
C) all of + object pronoun
✅ All of us are tired.
✅ All of them passed.
❌ All of we are tired.
❌ All of they passed.
D) all of + the / my / these + noun
✅ All of the students came.
✅ All of my money was spent.
✅ All of these books are mine.
❌ All of students came.
❌ All of money was spent.
E) we all / they all / you all
all subject pronoun-dan sonra da gələ bilər.
✅ We all like English.
✅ They all passed the test.
✅ You all know the rule.
F) all-ın cümlədə yeri
Be verb-dən sonra
✅ They are all ready.
Əsas verb-dən əvvəl
✅ They all passed.
Köməkçi verb-dən sonra
✅ They have all finished.
✅ We can all go.
G) all vs every
| all | every |
|---|---|
| cəm və ya sayılmayan isimlə | tək sayılan isimlə |
| all students | every student |
| all information | ❌ every information |
✅ All students are here.
✅ Every student is here.
❌ Every students are here.
H) all vs whole
whole adətən tək sayılan isimlə işlənir və çox vaxt artikl istəyir.
✅ all day
✅ the whole day
✅ all students
❌ whole students
I) not all ≠ none
Not all = hamısı deyil, amma bəziləri ola bilər.
None = heç biri.
✅ Not all students passed.
Məna: Bəzi tələbələr keçdi, bəziləri keçmədi.
✅ None of the students passed.
Məna: Heç bir tələbə keçmədi.
🟩 13. Other / another / the other / others / the others
Bu mövzu testlərdə çox düşür.
another + singular noun
Mənası: başqa bir
✅ I need another book.
❌ I need another books.
other + plural noun / uncountable noun
✅ Other students are waiting.
✅ I have other information.
❌ Other student is waiting.
Tək isimlə işlətmək istəyirsinizsə, adətən another lazımdır.
the other + singular noun
İki şeydən ikincisi.
✅ I have two pens. One is blue, the other pen is black.
others — başqa insanlar/şeylər
İsim gəlmir.
✅ Some students agreed, others disagreed.
❌ Others students disagreed.
the others — qalanları
✅ Five students came. Two sat here, the others sat there.
❌ The others students sat there.
🟦 14. One / ones
one / ones isim təkrarının qarşısını alır.
one — tək isim əvəzinə
✅ I don’t like this shirt. I want the red one.
❌ I want the red shirt one.
ones — cəm isim əvəzinə
✅ These shoes are small. I need bigger ones.
❌ I need bigger one.
🟫 15. Each / every / either / neither
each
Fərdləri tək-tək vurğulayır.
✅ Each student has a book.
✅ Each of the students has a book.
every
Ümumi qrupun hər üzvü.
✅ Every student has a book.
❌ Every of the students has a book.
either
İkisindən biri.
✅ Either answer is correct.
✅ Either of the answers is correct.
neither
İkisindən heç biri.
✅ Neither answer is correct.
✅ Neither of the answers is correct.
🧠 Qızıl qaydalar — testdə ən sürətli yol
1. Boşluqdan sonra isim var?
✅ İsim varsa → my, some, any, each, every, this, those, other kimi sözlər ola bilər.
✅ İsim yoxdursa → mine, someone, others, none, all of them kimi pronoun lazımdır.
2. Boşluqdan əvvəl preposition var?
Preposition-dan sonra object pronoun gəlir.
✅ for me
✅ with him
✅ between us
❌ for I
❌ with he
❌ between we
3. of varsa, diqqətli ol
✅ all of them
✅ some of the students
✅ none of us
❌ all of they
❌ some of students
❌ no of us
4. Tək-cəm uyğunluğunu yoxla
✅ Each student is
✅ Many students are
✅ Much information is
✅ All books are
✅ All water is
5. -body / -one / -thing sözləri təkdir
✅ Everybody is
✅ Someone has
✅ Nothing was
❌ Everybody are
❌ Someone have
6. Possessive formu qarışdırma
İsim varsa:
✅ my book
✅ her car
✅ their house
İsim yoxdursa:
✅ mine
✅ hers
✅ theirs
7. Relative pronoun testində boşluqdan sonrasına bax
Boşluqdan sonra verb gəlirsə → çox vaxt
who/which/thatBoşluqdan sonra subject + verb gəlirsə → çox vaxt
whom/which/thatvə ya heç nəBoşluqdan sonra noun gəlirsə →
whose
✅ The man who lives here...
✅ The man whom I met...
✅ The girl whose brother studies here...
8. that-dan əvvəl preposition olmaz
✅ the house in which I live
❌ the house in that I live
9. everything / something / anything / nothing + that
✅ Everything that I know...
✅ Something that happened...
❌ Everything which I know...
10. Əmr cümləsində gizli subject you-dur
✅ Help yourself.
✅ Children, help yourselves.
❌ Help himself.
📌 Sənin qeyd etmədiyin və əlavə bilməli olduğun əvəzliklər
1. Personal pronouns — tam siyahı
| Subject | Object |
|---|---|
| I | me |
| you | you |
| he | him |
| she | her |
| it | it |
| we | us |
| they | them |
2. Possessive-lərin tam siyahısı
| Possessive adjective | Possessive pronoun |
|---|---|
| my | mine |
| your | yours |
| his | his |
| her | hers |
| its | — |
| our | ours |
| their | theirs |
Qeyd: its possessive adjective kimi işlənir:
✅ The dog wagged its tail.
Amma possessive pronoun kimi its çox nadir və testlərdə adətən verilmir.
3. Interrogative pronouns — sual əvəzlikləri
who, whom, whose, which, what
✅ Who called you?
✅ Whom did you see?
✅ Whose bag is this?
✅ Which do you prefer?
✅ What happened?
4. Indefinite pronouns — qeyri-müəyyən əvəzliklər
one, ones, none, all, both, each, either, neither, many, much, few, little, several, some, any, others, another, nobody, no one, nothing
✅ None of them came.
✅ Several were absent.
✅ Few understood the rule.
✅ Much was said about it.
5. it xüsusi hallarda
it hava, vaxt, məsafə və vəziyyət üçün işlənir.
✅ It is raining.
✅ It is five o’clock.
✅ It is far from here.
✅ It is important to study.
6. there ilə qarışdırılan struktur
there əvəzlik deyil, amma testlərdə subject kimi görünə bilər.
✅ There is a book on the table.
✅ There are many students in the room.
❌ There is many students.
Qayda: verb there-ə görə yox, ondan sonrakı ismə görə seçilir.
🎯 Mini test strategiyası
Bir pronoun sualında bu ardıcıllıqla bax:
Boşluqdan sonra isim var?
Varsa → adjective/determiner seç.Boşluqdan əvvəl preposition var?
Varsa → object pronoun seç.ofvar?of-dan sonrathe/my/these/us/themkimi söz axtar.İsim sayılan təkdir, cəmdir, yoxsa sayılmayandır?
Buna görəmany/much,few/little,each/every/allseç.Xəbər təkdir, yoxsa cəmdir?
someone/everybody/each/every→ tək xəbərmany/both/few/several→ cəm xəbərRelative clause-dur?
İnsan → who/whom/whose
Cansız → which/that
Sahiblik → whose
Preposition varsa → whom/which
🏆 Ən çox düşən səhv-düz cütlüklər
| ❌ Səhv | ✅ Düz |
|---|---|
| Her is my friend. | She is my friend. |
| I saw he. | I saw him. |
| This is my. | This is mine. |
| This is mine book. | This is my book. |
| Many information | much information |
| Much students | many students |
| Every students are | Every student is |
| Each of students | Each of the students |
| No of them | None of them |
| Everyone of them | Every one of them |
| All of they | All of them |
| Someone are | Someone is |
| These book | These books |
| This books | This book |
| The man which came | The man who came |
| The book who I read | The book which/that I read |
| The girl whose the father | The girl whose father |
| The house in that I live | The house in which I live |
| Others students | Other students |
| The others students | The other students / the others |