🟦 1. Passive Voice nədir?
İngilis dilində feilin 2 növü var:
🟢 Active Voice — məlum növ
Hərəkəti edən şəxs ön plandadır.
David opened the door.
David qapını açdı.
🔵 Passive Voice — məchul növ
Hərəkətin kim tərəfindən edilməsi yox, hərəkətin obyektə təsiri ön plandadır.
The door was opened by David.
Qapı David tərəfindən açıldı.
🟩 2. Ən əsas düstur
🟨 PASSIVE VOICE FORMULU
TO BE + V3
Yəni:
am / is / are / was / were / be / been / being + Participle II
Participle II = feilin 3-cü forması.
Məsələn:
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| open | opened |
| take | taken |
| write | written |
| build | built |
| use | used |
🟦 3. Active cümləni Passive-ə çevirməyin 4 əsas addımı
🟢 Addım 1: Tamamlığı tap
Active cümlədə feildən sonra gələn əsas obyekt tapılır.
David opened the door.
Burada tamamlıq:
the door
🟢 Addım 2: Tamamlığı cümlənin əvvəlinə gətir
The door ...
Çünki Passive cümlədə köhnə obyekt yeni mübtəda olur.
🟢 Addım 3: Zamanı dəyişmə
Active cümlə hansı zamandadırsa, Passive də həmin zamanda qalmalıdır.
opened — Past Simple
Deməli Passive də Past Simple olacaq:
was / were + V3
🟢 Addım 4: Feili V3 formasına sal
open → opened
Nəticə:
✅ The door was opened by David.
🟥 4. Ən vacib test qaydası
🟥 ZAMAN DƏYİŞMİR!
Active cümlə Present Simple-dırsa, Passive də Present Simple olur.
Active cümlə Past Simple-dırsa, Passive də Past Simple olur.
Active cümlə Present Perfect-dirsə, Passive də Present Perfect olur.
❌ Yanlış:
They will dictate the telegram.
The telegram would be dictated.
Çünki will → would dəyişib.
✅ Doğru:
The telegram will be dictated.
🟩 5. Zamanlara görə Passive Voice cədvəli
🟦 I. Present Simple
Active:
V1 / V-s
Passive:
am / is / are + V3
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| We use computers. | Computers are used. |
| She teaches economics. | Economics is taught. |
| They take the books. | The books are taken. |
✅ She teaches economics at this university.
✅ Economics is taught at this university.
🟦 II. Past Simple
Active:
V2
Passive:
was / were + V3
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| David opened the door. | The door was opened by David. |
| They built the station. | The station was built. |
| We took the books. | The books were taken. |
✅ They built the station many years ago.
✅ The station was built many years ago.
🟦 III. Future Simple
Active:
will / shall + V1
Passive:
will be / shall be + V3
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| They will pack the things. | The things will be packed. |
| We shall use computers. | Computers will be used. |
| She will close the window. | The window will be closed. |
✅ They will pack the things in an hour.
✅ The things will be packed in an hour.
🟥 Testdə mütləq be olmalıdır.
❌ The things will packed.
✅ The things will be packed.
🟦 IV. Present Perfect
Active:
have / has + V3
Passive:
have been / has been + V3
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| They have built a plant. | A plant has been built. |
| Nick has planted trees. | Trees have been planted. |
| We have taken the books. | The books have been taken. |
✅ They have built a huge plant in the town.
✅ A huge plant has been built in the town.
🟥 Diqqət:
Mübtəda təkdirsə:
has been
Mübtəda cəmdirsə:
have been
✅ A plant has been built.
✅ Trees have been planted.
🟦 V. Past Perfect
Active:
had + V3
Passive:
had been + V3
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| They had found the key. | The key had been found. |
| She had written the letter. | The letter had been written. |
| We had taken the books. | The books had been taken. |
✅ They had found the car key.
✅ The car key had been found by them.
🟥 Test tələsi:
❌ The car key had found by them.
Burada been yoxdur.
✅ The car key had been found by them.
🟦 VI. Present Continuous
Active:
am / is / are + V-ing
Passive:
am / is / are being + V3
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| They are building a house. | A house is being built. |
| We are using computers. | Computers are being used. |
| She is cooking dinner. | Dinner is being cooked. |
✅ The company is building a house.
✅ A house is being built by the company.
🟥 Sadə zamanla qarışdırma:
The company builds a house.
✅ The house is built. — Present Simple Passive
The company is building a house.
✅ The house is being built. — Present Continuous Passive
🟦 VII. Past Continuous
Active:
was / were + V-ing
Passive:
was / were being + V3
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| Freda was painting the portrait. | The portrait was being painted. |
| They were using computers. | Computers were being used. |
| We were taking the books. | The books were being taken. |
✅ Freda was painting granny’s portrait all the evening.
✅ Granny’s portrait was being painted by Freda all the evening.
🟨 6. Əlavə zamanlar — kitabda az görünür, testdə çıxa bilər
🟦 Future Perfect Passive
Active:
will have + V3
Passive:
will have been + V3
✅ They will have finished the work.
✅ The work will have been finished.
🟦 Be going to Passive
Active:
am / is / are going to + V1
Passive:
am / is / are going to be + V3
✅ They are going to build a bridge.
✅ A bridge is going to be built.
🟦 Modal Passive
Active:
modal + V1
Passive:
modal + be + V3
Modal feillər:
can, could, may, might, must, should, ought to, have to, has to, had to
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| We must take the book. | The book must be taken. |
| She may close the window. | The window may be closed. |
| Kate has to open the door. | The door has to be opened. |
| I ought to buy this book. | This book ought to be bought. |
🟥 Modal passive-də həmişə be lazımdır.
❌ The book must taken.
✅ The book must be taken.
🟦 Modal Perfect Passive
Active:
modal + have + V3
Passive:
modal + have been + V3
✅ They should have finished the work.
✅ The work should have been finished.
✅ She may have written the letter.
✅ The letter may have been written.
🟥 7. Testlərdə ən çox düşən səhvlər
🟥 Səhv 1: Passive cümlə active cümlə ilə eyni sözlə başlayır
Active:
She teaches economics.
Variant:
❌ She is taught economics.
Bu artıq başqa məna verir. Passive cavab obyektlə başlamalıdır:
✅ Economics is taught.
🟥 Səhv 2: “be” yoxdur
❌ The things will packed.
✅ The things will be packed.
❌ The book must taken.
✅ The book must be taken.
🟥 Səhv 3: “been” yoxdur
Present Perfect və Past Perfect Passive-də been mütləqdir.
❌ A plant has built.
✅ A plant has been built.
❌ The key had found.
✅ The key had been found.
🟥 Səhv 4: Artıq “been” işlədilir
Present Simple və Past Simple-da been olmaz.
❌ Economics is been taught.
✅ Economics is taught.
❌ The station was been built.
✅ The station was built.
🟥 Səhv 5: Feil V3 deyil
❌ The things will be pack.
✅ The things will be packed.
❌ The book must be take.
✅ The book must be taken.
🟥 Səhv 6: Mübtəda ilə xəbər uzlaşmır
Passive-də was / were, is / are, has / have köhnə active cümlənin mübtədasına görə yox, yeni mübtədaya görə seçilir.
✅ The door was opened.
Çünki door təkdir.
✅ The books were taken.
Çünki books cəmdir.
✅ A plant has been built.
Çünki a plant təkdir.
✅ Trees have been planted.
Çünki trees cəmdir.
🟩 8. Obyekt əvəzlikləri Passive-də necə dəyişir?
Active cümlənin mübtədası Passive-də by ilə işlənə bilər.
| Active subject | Passive-də |
|---|---|
| I | by me |
| you | by you |
| he | by him |
| she | by her |
| it | by it |
| we | by us |
| they | by them |
✅ I invited Kate.
✅ Kate was invited by me.
✅ They found the key.
✅ The key was found by them.
🟥 Əgər by yoxdursa, obyekt əvəzliyi mübtəda kimi işlənə bilməz.
❌ The car key had been found them.
✅ The car key had been found by them.
🟨 9. “By” nə vaxt yazılır, nə vaxt yazılmır?
🟢 “By” yazılır:
Əgər hərəkəti edənin kim olduğunu göstərmək vacibdirsə.
✅ The door was opened by David.
🟢 “By” yazılmaya bilər:
Əgər edən şəxs məlum deyil, vacib deyil və ya ümumidir.
✅ The station was built many years ago.
Burada kimin tikdiyi vacib deyil.
🟦 10. A lot of / some / all ilə Passive
Bu sözlərdən sonra gələn ismin tək və ya cəm olmasına baxılır.
🟢 Tək / sayılmayan isim → tək xəbər
✅ All my money was spent.
Money sayılmayan isimdir, ona görə was.
✅ A lot of butter was bought.
Butter sayılmayan isimdir, ona görə was.
✅ Some information was sent.
Information sayılmayan isimdir, ona görə was.
🟢 Cəm isim → cəm xəbər
✅ All these trees have been planted.
Trees cəmdir, ona görə have been.
✅ A lot of balloons were bought.
Balloons cəmdir, ona görə were.
✅ Some nice flowers were given to me.
Flowers cəmdir, ona görə were.
🟩 11. İki tamamlıqlı cümlələr
Bəzi feillərdən sonra iki tamamlıq gəlir:
give, send, offer, show, tell, teach, lend, bring, buy
Active:
We gave her a nice flower.
Passive-də iki düzgün variant mümkündür:
✅ She was given a nice flower.
✅ A nice flower was given to her.
Başqa nümunə:
Nick gave me some nice flowers.
✅ I was given some nice flowers by Nick.
✅ Some nice flowers were given to me by Nick.
🟨 12. “Make” feili Passive-də
Active-də:
make + object + V1
Passive-də:
be made + to + V1
✅ We made her repeat the story.
✅ She was made to repeat the story.
🟥 Passive-də to əlavə olunur.
❌ She was made repeat the story.
✅ She was made to repeat the story.
🟨 13. See / hear / watch kimi feillər
Bu da əlavə test qaydasıdır.
Active:
They saw him enter the room.
Passive:
✅ He was seen to enter the room.
Active-də to yoxdur, amma Passive-də to gəlir.
Eyni qayda:
hear, see, watch, notice, observe
✅ They heard her sing.
✅ She was heard to sing.
🟨 14. Let feili Passive-də
Active:
They let him go.
Passive-də çox vaxt belə verilir:
✅ He was allowed to go.
Testlərdə let üçün birbaşa passive az işlənir, daha çox allowed to seçilir.
🟦 15. Sözönülü feillər Passive-də
Əgər active cümlədə feil sözönü ilə işlənirsə, Passive-də sözönü itmir.
Məsələn:
look at, listen to, pay for, send for, laugh at, speak to, take care of
✅ We sent for the doctor.
✅ The doctor was sent for.
✅ They looked at the picture.
✅ The picture was looked at.
✅ She takes care of the baby.
✅ The baby is taken care of.
🟥 Sözönünü atmaq olmaz.
❌ The doctor was sent.
✅ The doctor was sent for.
🟥 16. Passive-ə çevrilməyən cümlələr
🟥 1. Tamamlığı olmayan cümlələr
Passive üçün obyekt lazımdır. Əgər obyekt yoxdursa, Passive olmaz.
❌ He sleeps.
❌ The baby cried.
❌ They arrived.
Çünki “nəyi?” və ya “kimi?” sualına cavab yoxdur.
🟥 2. Təsirsiz feillər Passive olmur
Bu feillər adətən Passive-ə çevrilmir:
be, become, happen, take place, occur, appear, disappear, rain, snow, look, arrive, come, go, die, lie, fly, live, rise, remain, stay, sit, stand, sleep, ache, wait, swim, belong, cost, agree, last, cough, sneeze
Nümunələr:
✅ It happened late at night.
Passive yoxdur.
✅ It rained a lot last month.
Passive yoxdur.
✅ The train arrived on time.
Passive yoxdur.
🟦 17. Eyni formalı feillərə diqqət
Bəzi feillərin indiki, keçmiş və V3 forması eynidir.
| V1 | V2 | V3 |
|---|---|---|
| cut | cut | cut |
| let | let | let |
| put | put | put |
| read | read | read |
| cost | cost | cost |
| hit | hit | hit |
| hurt | hurt | hurt |
| shut | shut | shut |
| spread | spread | spread |
🟢 Test tələsi:
She put some pieces of cake on the table.
✅ Some pieces of cake were put on the table.
She puts some pieces of cake on the table.
✅ Some pieces of cake are put on the table.
Yəni feilin forması eyni görünsə də, zamanı cümlədəki başqa işarələrdən tapmaq lazımdır.
🟩 18. Sual cümlələrini Passive etmək
🟦 Qayda 1: do / does / did sualları
Əgər sual do / does ilədirsə, Passive cavabda:
am / is / are + V3
Əgər sual did ilədirsə, Passive cavabda:
was / were + V3
| Active sual | Passive |
|---|---|
| Do they clean the room? | Is the room cleaned? |
| Does she teach English? | Is English taught? |
| Did they criticize the play? | Was the play criticized? |
✅ Did they criticize the play?
✅ Was the play criticized?
🟦 Qayda 2: Sualda active mübtədanı saxlamırıq
❌ Did they criticize the play?
❌ Were they criticized the play?
Çünki they active cümlənin mübtədasıdır. Passive cavab obyektlə qurulur:
✅ Was the play criticized?
🟦 Qayda 3: WH suallarda Passive düzülüşü
WH sözləri:
what, where, when, why, how, whom, which
Formul:
WH + auxiliary + subject + V3?
Nümunə:
When did he get the good news?
Passive:
✅ When was the good news got?
Testdə səhv variantlar:
❌ When is the good news got?
Çünki did Past Simple göstərir, was / were lazımdır.
❌ When was he got the good news?
Çünki he active mübtədadır.
❌ When was the good news got him?
Çünki him by-sız işlənib.
❌ When was got the good news?
Çünki mübtəda yoxdur.
❌ When were the good news got?
Çünki news tək sayılır, was olmalıdır.
❌ When was the good news been got?
Çünki Past Simple-da been olmur.
🟦 Qayda 4: Sualda “TO BE + V3” ayrıla bilər
Active:
What did they decorate the rooms with?
Passive:
✅ What were the rooms decorated with?
Səhv:
❌ What the rooms were decorated with?
Çünki sualda köməkçi feil mübtədadan əvvəl gəlməlidir.
🟥 19. Testlərdə sürətli seçim taktikası
🟩 30 saniyəlik Passive test alqoritmi
🟢 1. Əvvəl active cümlənin zamanını tap
Feilə bax:
| Görürsənsə | Zaman | Passive |
|---|---|---|
| V1 / V-s | Present Simple | am / is / are + V3 |
| V2 | Past Simple | was / were + V3 |
| will + V1 | Future Simple | will be + V3 |
| have / has + V3 | Present Perfect | have / has been + V3 |
| had + V3 | Past Perfect | had been + V3 |
| am / is / are + V-ing | Present Continuous | am / is / are being + V3 |
| was / were + V-ing | Past Continuous | was / were being + V3 |
| modal + V1 | Modal | modal + be + V3 |
🟢 2. Sonra obyekt tap
Özünə sual ver:
Nəyi? Kimi?
They built the station.
Nəyi tikdilər?
the station
Deməli cavab:
✅ The station was built.
🟢 3. Variant obyektlə başlamalıdır
Active cümlə:
They built the station.
Doğru passive variant adətən belə başlayır:
✅ The station ...
Əgər variant belə başlayırsa:
❌ They ...
çox vaxt səhvdir.
🟢 4. “Be” formasını yoxla
Zamana uyğun be seç:
| Zaman | Lazım olan be |
|---|---|
| Present Simple | am / is / are |
| Past Simple | was / were |
| Future Simple | will be |
| Present Perfect | have / has been |
| Past Perfect | had been |
| Present Continuous | am / is / are being |
| Past Continuous | was / were being |
| Modal | modal + be |
🟢 5. Sonuncu feil mütləq V3 olmalıdır
✅ written
✅ taken
✅ built
✅ opened
✅ sent
✅ bought
✅ made
✅ done
❌ write
❌ took
❌ build
❌ opening
🟢 6. Yeni mübtəda təkdir, yoxsa cəmdir?
the book → tək → is / was / has
the books → cəm → are / were / have
✅ The book was taken.
✅ The books were taken.
🟥 20. Variantları tez eleminasiya etmək üçün “qırmızı bayraqlar”
Aşağıdakıları görsən, variant çox güman səhvdir:
🟥 is been / are been / was been / were been
❌ The book is been written.
Doğru:
✅ The book is written.
🟥 will + V3, amma be yoxdur
❌ The room will cleaned.
Doğru:
✅ The room will be cleaned.
🟥 modal + V3, amma be yoxdur
❌ The work must finished.
Doğru:
✅ The work must be finished.
🟥 has / have + V3, amma been yoxdur
❌ A bridge has built.
Doğru:
✅ A bridge has been built.
🟥 Feil V3 deyil
❌ The book was write.
Doğru:
✅ The book was written.
🟥 Active mübtəda saxlanıb
❌ They were built the station.
Doğru:
✅ The station was built.
🟥 By-sız obyekt əvəzliyi işlənib
❌ The key was found them.
Doğru:
✅ The key was found by them.
🟩 21. Passive testlərində ən çox çıxan nümunə modelləri
🟦 Model 1
They clean the room every day.
Zaman: Present Simple
Obyekt: the room
Formula: is / are + V3
✅ The room is cleaned every day.
🟦 Model 2
They cleaned the room yesterday.
Zaman: Past Simple
Formula: was / were + V3
✅ The room was cleaned yesterday.
🟦 Model 3
They will clean the room tomorrow.
Zaman: Future Simple
Formula: will be + V3
✅ The room will be cleaned tomorrow.
🟦 Model 4
They have cleaned the room.
Zaman: Present Perfect
Formula: has / have been + V3
✅ The room has been cleaned.
🟦 Model 5
They had cleaned the room.
Zaman: Past Perfect
Formula: had been + V3
✅ The room had been cleaned.
🟦 Model 6
They are cleaning the room now.
Zaman: Present Continuous
Formula: is / are being + V3
✅ The room is being cleaned now.
🟦 Model 7
They were cleaning the room at 5 o’clock.
Zaman: Past Continuous
Formula: was / were being + V3
✅ The room was being cleaned at 5 o’clock.
🟦 Model 8
They must clean the room.
Zaman: Modal
Formula: must be + V3
✅ The room must be cleaned.
🟨 22. Passive Voice üçün super qısa yaddaş kartı
🟩 Düstur
Passive = object + be + V3
🟦 Əsas qayda
Zaman dəyişmir.
🟨 Əsas yoxlama
Variantda bunlar olmalıdır:
✅ obyekt əvvəldə
✅ düzgün be forması
✅ V3
✅ tək/cəm uyğunluğu
✅ lazım olsa by + object pronoun
🟥 Ən təhlükəli səhvlər
❌ be yoxdur
❌ been artıqdır
❌ been yoxdur
❌ V3 deyil
❌ active mübtəda saxlanıb
❌ by olmadan him / her / them işlənib
❌ was / were səhv seçilib
❌ sualda söz sırası səhvdir
🟩 23. Mini-test taktikası ilə nümunələr
Test 1
She teaches economics at this university.
A) Economics is taught at this university.
B) Economics is been taught at this university.
C) She is taught economics at this university.
D) Economics is taught her at this university.
✅ Doğru cavab: A
İzah:
A — doğrudur. Present Simple → is + V3
B — səhvdir, is been olmaz.
C — səhvdir, active mübtəda she ilə başlayıb.
D — səhvdir, her by-sız işlənib.
Test 2
They built the station many years ago.
A) The station was built many years ago.
B) The station was been built many years ago.
C) They were built the station many years ago.
D) The station was built them many years ago.
✅ Doğru cavab: A
İzah:
Past Simple → was / were + V3
station təkdir → was
built V3-dür.
Test 3
They will pack the things in an hour.
A) The things will be packed in an hour.
B) The things will packed in an hour.
C) The things will be pack in an hour.
D) They will be packed the things in an hour.
✅ Doğru cavab: A
İzah:
Future Simple → will be + V3
pack → packed
Test 4
They have built a huge plant in the town.
A) A huge plant has been built in the town.
B) A huge plant has built in the town.
C) A huge plant had been built in the town.
D) They have been built a huge plant in the town.
✅ Doğru cavab: A
İzah:
Present Perfect → has / have been + V3
plant təkdir → has been
Test 5
They had found the car key.
A) The car key had been found by them.
B) The car key had found by them.
C) The car key has been found by them.
D) They had been found the car key.
✅ Doğru cavab: A
İzah:
Past Perfect → had been + V3
🟦 24. Sonda ən vacib “qızıl cümlə”
Passive Voice testində cavabı tapmaq üçün həmişə bu ardıcıllıqla düşün:
🟩 Obyekt → zaman → be → V3 → uyğunluq → by
Yəni:
- Obyekti tap.
- Zamanı tap.
- Həmin zamana uyğun be formasını seç.
- Feili V3 et.
- Tək/cəm uyğunluğunu yoxla.
- Edəni göstərmək lazımdırsa, by ilə yaz.